Key References

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Cheung, F., Siow, Y.L., Chen, W.Z. et al. (1999). Inhibitory effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells. Biochemical Pharmacology 58: 1665-1673.

Chung, H.S., Harris, A. and Ritch, R. (1999). Ginkgo biloba extract increases ocular blood flow velocity. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 15: 233-240.

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Cohen, A.J. and Bartlik, B. (1998). Ginkgo biloba for antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy 24: 139-143.

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Hofferberth, B. (1994). The efficacy of EGb 761 in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on different levels of investigation. Human Psychopharmacology 9: 215-222.

Hopfenmüller, W. (1994). Nachweis der therapeutischen wirksamkeit eines Ginkgo biloba-spezialekstraktes. Meta-analyse von 11 klinischen studien bei patienten mit himleistungsstörungun im alter [Evidence for a therapeutic effect of Ginkgo biloba special extract. Meta-analysis of 11 clinical studies in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency in old age]. Arzneimittel-Forschung/Drug Research 44: 1005-1013 (English abstract).

Huguet, F., Drieu, K. and Pirpiou, A. (1994). Decreased cerebral 5-HT1A receptors during aging: reversal by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 46: 316-318.

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De Kozak, Y., Faure, J.P., Thillaye, B. et al. (1994). Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) and platelet-activating factor antagonist protect the retina in experimantal autoimmune uveoretinitis. Ocular Immunology and Inflammation 2: 231-237.

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Lingaerde, O., Foreland, A.R. and Magnusson, A. (1999). Can winter depression be prevented by Ginkgo biloba extract? A placebo-controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 100: 62-66.

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Marcilhac, A., Dakine, N., Bourhim, N et al. (1998). Effect of chronic administration of Ginkgo biloba extract or ginkgolide on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the rat. Life Sciences 62: 2329-2340.

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Mouren, X., Caillard, P. and Schwartz, F. (1994). Study of the anti-ischemic action of EGb 761 in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease by TcPo2 determination. Angiology 45: 413-417.

Noh, D.Y., Lee, Y.H., Kim, S.S. et al. (1994). Elevated content of phospholipase C-g1 in colorectal cancer tissues. Cancer 73: 36-41.

Oken, B.S., Storzbach, D.M. and Kaye, J.A. (1998). The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Neurology 55: 1409-1415.

Peters, H., Kieser, M. and Hölscher, U. (1998). Demonstration of the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761® on intermittent claudication–a placebo-controlled, double-blind multicenter trial. VASA 27: 106-110.

Porsolt, R.D., Martin, P., Lenegre, A. et al. (1990). Effects of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB 761) on "Learned Helplessness" and other models of stress in rodents. Pharmacology, Biochemisty and Behavior 36: 963-

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Ramassamy, C., Christen, Y., Clostre, F. et al. (1992). The Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb 761, increases synaptosomal uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine: in vitro and ex-vivo studies. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 44: 943-945.

Rapin, J.R., Zaibi, M. and Drieu, K. (1998). In vitro and in vivo effects of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), ginkolide B, and bilobalide on apoptosis in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. Drug Development Research 45: 23-29.

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Roncin, J.P., Schwartz, F. and D’Arbigny, P. (1996). EGb 761 in control of acute mountain sickness and vascular reactivity to cold exposure. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 67: 445-452.

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Sandberg-Gertzén, H. (1993). An open trial of cedemin, a Ginkgo biloba extract with PAF-antagonistic effects for ulcerative colitis. American Journal of Gastroenterology 88: 615-616 (letter).

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